De volta das férias
Ford volta atrás e retoma a produção da linha Série F, que chega com três modelos e preços mais salgados. A evolução do motor está entre as principais novidades
Três anos depois de deixar de fabricar os caminhozinhos da série F, a Ford volta atrás e retoma a montagem do seu tradicional modelo que atende ao uso urbano e, principal- mente, ao transporte rural. Como um dos mais antigos em produção, a linha do Série F arrebatou uma legião de admiradores, especialmente entre os hortifrutigranjeiros e por muitos anos ficou conhecido como o caminhão dos feirantes. Essa nova geração, que já está sendo vendida, ganhou atualizações importantes, como o novo motor 2.8 da Cummins, geração Euro V, de 150 cv. Mas o preço ficou mais salgado.
Para justificar a saída de linha em 2011 e depois a volta do modelo, os executivos da Ford ensaiaram um discurso pronto para dizer que toda a manobra estava prevista.
“O F4000, não saiu de linha”, afirma Guy Rodrigues, diretor de operações da Ford Caminhões, “ele saiu de férias”. Segundo ele, o fim da produção da Série F se deu por necessidade de ajustes técnicos na linha de produção que estava sendo organizada para a chegada do modelo extra pesado da marca. Durante esse período de descanso levaram o caminhão para o Campo de Provas da montadora, em Tatuí, para uma nova fase de desenvolvimento.
Não há como negar que o resultado foi positivo em muitos aspectos, pois o caminhão ficou melhor. Esta bem mais confortável, mais silencioso e com menor nível de vibração. Com o ABS com distribuição eletrônica do esforço de frenagem (EBD), que evita travamento das rodas nas freadas fortes, também ganhou muito em segurança ativa. Outro quesito que deve ser levado em conta é que o ar-condicionado nessa nova geração também passou a ser equipamento de série, ou seja, já está embutido no preço.
Talvez por isso os reajustes de preço aplicados em todas as versões da nova Série F tenham sido acima da média do mercado quando houve a mudança do padrão de motor Euro III para o Euro V em 2012. A chegada da nova e bem vinda tecnologia dos motores mais limpos provocou uma alta nos preço dos caminhões que variou de 8 a 12%. Na nova Série F, embora as alterações estruturais tenham sido mínimas, essa média ficou um pouco acima.
Se comparados com os últimos valores praticados pela Ford para a linha F em dezembro de 2011, ultimo mês de fabricação do modelo, a versão F-350, que vem com rodado simples e menor capacidade de carga, teve seu preço elevado em 14%, saltando de R$ 88.609,00 para os atuais R$ 101.290,00. No F-4000 4×2, a alta foi ainda mais forte e chegou a 19%, pulando dos R$ 98.424 praticados em dezembro de 2011 para os R$ 117.290,00 de hoje. No F-4000 4×4 a diferença foi de 14%, saltando de R$ 115.280,00 para R$ 133.290,00.
Mas a Ford garante que entre outras vantagens, esse novo conjunto é cerca de 6% mais econômico no consumo de diesel. O sistema de tratamento de resíduos poluentes é o SCR, que utiliza o Arla 32, um padrão de todos os motores da Cummins. Nesse motor particularmente, o ISF 2.8 de quatros cilindro e 16 válvulas, que é 90 quilos mais leve que o motor usado anteriormente, o consumo de Arla é da ordem de apenas 4 a 5% do volume de combustível consumido. Nos caminhões maiores esse consumo chega a 15%.
rodAndo nA fAzendA – Uma pista improvisada, mas que retrata muito bem as condições reais de uso na zona rural foi o cenário para um breve contato com essa nova família Série F. Carregando metade da sua capacidade de carga útil que é de 3.949 kg, o F-4000 4×2 revelou baixo nível de ruído mesmo com o motor girando próximo do seu limite (3.000 rpm) e na faixa de 2.500 rpm é quase mudo. E quem esta na cabine consegue ouvir uma música com baixo volume e ainda bater um papo descontraído com o colega ao lado. Também não lembra em nada as gerações anteriores quando o assunto é vibração.
O único senão ficou para o escalonamento da marchas, especialmente da primeira para a segunda. Está claro que o casamento com a nova faixa de torque do motor do Cummins ISF 2.8, que é do tipo curva plana, não ficou muito harmonioso. Ele foi ajustado para entrar em uma faixa de rotação mais alta e come- ça a falar a partir das 1.700 rpm e se mantém no topo (360 N.m.) até quase seu limite de rotação (3.000 rpm). A caixa de transmissão de cinco velocidades usada nos três modelos da linha F, por sinal a mesma dos Cargo 816 e 1119, tem a primeira marcha mais curta e a segunda um pouco mais longa.
Quando se faz a troca de marcha em uma subida, por exemplo, com as rotações próximas das 2.500 rpm, o motor cai em torno de 1.500 rpm e vai se alojar em uma faixa de rotação onde o torque é quase zero. Se o motorista não for um pouco mais artista o motor chega a apagar. É claro que as pessoas com o tempo vão aprender sobre essa característica e elevar a rotação do motor para garantir o torque na troca de marcha, mas isso vai implicar em maior consumo.
No fora de estrada extremo, o F-4000 4×4
é um verdadeiro escalador e vai cumprir bem seu papel nas operações radicais. Com ele, a Ford espera voltar a ser opção para os trabalhos em serviços especiais como manutenção de redes elétricas, telefonia, água e esgoto, além de aplicações rurais diversas, suporte na mineração, construção civil e militar. O acionamento da tração é feito com botão giratório no painel podendo optar por tração 4×2, 4×4 e 4×4 reduzida. Nessa condição executou com folgas as provas de subida, saída de rampa, transposição de alagado e torção de chassi. Os ângulos de entrada (26o) e de saída (27o) são nada expressivos, mas vão conviver bem com o uso rural.
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